As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
That it matchmaking is very strong into the Shenzhen
Overall, along with supportive evidence of an effective dyadic change, particularly in Shenzhen, i also look for supporting research to have business replace, as the migrants may wed an area partner (we.e., to create hukou intermarriage) as his or her studies develops. The outcomes strongly recommend a high probability of hukou area-studies exchange to own low-college-experienced migrants for the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, an identical odds of hukou area-training change in these a few towns and cities to own college-experienced migrants, and this supports Hypothesis 3 that the down probability of hukou area-degree replace during the Shanghai, versus Shenzhen, holds for low-college-experienced migrants although not to own school-educated migrants.
Considering Model 5 regarding Table 2 and Contour dos , regional spouses’ knowledge is not with the the diary-odds of hukou area intermarriage, and therefore matchmaking doesn’t differ between the two locations
To date, you will find considered merely intermarriage ranging from locals and you can migrants, as opposed to identifying anywhere between a couple hukou designs. In our test, natives is mostly urban hukou owners whereas migrants mostly keep outlying hukou both in towns and cities. Especially, in the Shanghai, in the 85% out-of residents however, just about 20% off migrants has actually metropolitan hukou. When you look at the Shenzhen, all of the natives keep metropolitan hukou, however, only about thirty five% of migrants was urban hukou owners. The medical variation out-of hukou method of ranging from natives and you can migrants means a probability of hukou type exchange contained in this inter-hukou-locality ine if or not hukou sort of has an effect on our efficiency.
Basic, i see the latest shipments away from hukou type one of intermarriages from hukou area. As the shown into the Figure A1, more half of the new partners in which two partners disagree when you look at jeevansathi the hukou area form homogamy with respect to hukou variety of. That is in keeping with prior results that most Chinese elizabeth hukou style of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). Good gender asymmetric pattern off hukou interong lovers connected with good migrant spouse and you can a community spouse, just 11% is rural-husband-urban-wife people whereas 86% is metropolitan-husband-urban-spouse lovers. Alternatively, certainly people where the spouse is an excellent Shanghai local resident plus the wife is actually a migrant, 45% is metropolitan-husband-rural-spouse lovers. This means, whenever feminine that have Shanghai hukou get married migrants, they have a tendency to help you get married metropolitan migrants, while dudes which have Shanghai hukou which get married migrant feminine often get married rural migrants. During the Shenzhen, this gender pattern is quicker pronounced: 26% away from migrant-husband-local-partner lovers have an urban partner and you can a rural spouse, whereas a dozen% away from local-husband-migrant-wife people cover an urban partner and a rural partner. These findings advise that within the Shanghai relationships markets, both hukou locality and you will hukou type of build intermarriage patterns, but in Shenzhen hukou types of seems faster very important. It subsequent helps all of our conclusions from the hukou barrier being stronger into the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>
